高速列车制动模式探讨

The study of the modes on braking of high speed trains

高速列车的动能比普通列车的大几倍，而高速下轮轨间的粘着系数及闸瓦与动轮之间的摩擦系数都降低了一个数量级，故高速列车必须采用新的制动体系．电阻制动技术成熟，而再生制动能回收大部分动能，且制动特性较好，在直流牵引电动机和交流同步、异步电动机驱动中得到广泛的应用．盘形制动在高速车辆上是必不可少的．在非粘着的电气制动中，磁轨制动的磨耗大，适用于紧急制动，而轨道祸流制动在８０～３００ｋｍ／ｈ速度内，制动特性平坦，制动力大，成为高速列车的一种应用前景广泛的新技术．

High speed trains generate kinetic energy several times as much as that of conventional trains. Andthey obtain an adhesion coefficent (wheel-rail) and friction coefficient (brake block-driving wheel) a level lowerduring high speed operation. So a new braking system must be developed. Rheostatic braking is a proventechnology, regenerative braking can recover most of the kinetic energy, and has satisfactory brakingcharacteristics, so it has been widely adopted in DC, AC (synchronous/ asynchronous motor) driving system.While disc braking is indispensable for high speed vehicles. Among non-adhesive electric braking, the easy-to-wearelectromagnetic track brake applies to emergency braking, but at the speed of 80-300 km/h, rail eddy currentbraking comes up to be a prospective new technology for high speed train owing to its smooth brakingcharacteristics and high braking force.