黑土硝态氮移动规律及提高氮肥利用率的研究

THE RESEARCH OF MOVING REGULARITY ON NO_3-N OF BLACK SOIL AND INCREASING UTILIZATION RATIO OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER

本试验采用渗滤池技术，研究氮肥不同用量、不同品种、施肥方式及配比条件下，硝态氮的移动规律及其与玉米产量、氮肥利用率的关系。结果表明，施氮肥７天后．即有硝态氮的移动，淋失主要发生在雨季。淋失量随施肥量的增加而增加，不同品种、施肥方式也有差异但不显著。氮肥与磷、钾及有机肥配施，可明显减少硝态氮的移动淋失。施氮２４７．５ｋｇｈａ－１淋失水硝态氮含量超过饮用水卫生标准１０ｍｇＬ－１的限额，易使地下水污染。但淋失量不高。施氮１６５ｋｇｈａ－１，配施磷、钾或有机肥，比单施氮增产１５％以上，氮肥利用率提高２０个百分点以上。

The technique of percolation pond was used in this experiment. The ralation of moving regularity of No3-N with corn yield,utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer was researched in the conditions that the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer,tape of nitrogen fertilizer,the method of apply fertilizer and formcation of fertilizer were differnt. The result of research indicat:The No3-N began to move 7 days after the nitrogen fertilizer was applied. It is percolated mainly in rainy seasen. The quantity of percolation was increased when the quantity of applying fertilizer was increased. There is distinction in differead kind fertilizer and method of applying,but it is not significat. The No3-N loss is remarkablly decreased,when N. P. K and organic fertilizer were mixed to apply. The limit of sanitary standard (10mgL-1 )of NO3-N in drinking water is exceeded in this percolated water .when applying nitrogen was 247. 5kgha-1. But the total quantity of percolated loss is not high. When nitrogen 165kgha-1 mixed with P. K and orgaric fertilizer was appled,the yield is increased 15%than applying single nitrogen,while utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer was increased by 20 %.