分布式系统的管理

Distributed System Management

系统管理在分布式系统中有着举足轻重的地位。系统管理和分布式系统管理的定义可以从计算机系统和计算机环境的关系中得到。按照计算机系统的发展历史，计算机的系统管理模式可分为四类：集中式、分散式、网络式、分布式。分布式系统的管理模式介于分散式和集中式之间。系统管理的任务分为五类：用户管理、任务管理、软件管理、硬件管理和网络管理。每一类管理又有五个子任务：配置管理、性能管理、失效管理、安全管理和资源管理。客户／服务器模式在分布式系统中有了新的策略。针对分布式系统中存在的问题，出现了一些有效的解决技术。在这一领域中还出现了两个管理的范例：开放软件基金会（ＯＳＦ）的分布式管理环境（ＤＭＥ）和简单网络协议（ＳＮＭＰ）。

System managentment plays an important role in distributed sys-tems. The definitions of System Management and Distributed System Management can begained from the relationship between computer system and computer environment.Ac-cording to the development of computer system,the model of system management is di-vided into four types:Centralized,Seperated,Networked,Distributed.The managingmodel in the distributed system is between the centralized and the seperated one. Thereare five kinds of managing tasks in the distributed system:User management,Task man-agment,Software management,Hardware managment and Network managment. Eachmanagement has five subtasks:Configuration management,Performance management,Fault management,Security management and Resource management.The model ofClient/Server is applied to distributed system in a new way.There appear some usefulsolutions to the problems when managing a distributed system.There exit two kinds ofstardards in the rnanagment field:one is OSF'DME,the other is SNMP.