水稻抽穗和结实期的生态因子研究——Ⅰ 土壤水分对早稻结实和籽粒品质的影响

Studies on Ecological Factors on Ecological Factors of Rices from Heading to Maturity I.Effect of Different Soil Moisture Content on Fertilization,Grain-filling and Grain Quality of Early Indica Rice.

研究了早稻抽穗、结实期开花、乳熟和蜡熟三阶段,不同土壤水分(土壤饱和含水量的80％、60％、40％和25％)对结实和籽粒品质的影响,结果表明:籽粒产量除开花阶段降至土壤饱和含水量的80％和60％两处理外,结实率除开花阶段降至土壤饱和含水量的80％和处理外,均随土壤水分下降而降低;在开花阶段,当降低到土壤饱和含水量的25％时,结实率降低,秕粒增加,而且空粒显著增多,千粒重亦显著下降.在水稻结实期各阶段,土壤水分降低使精米率显著提高,青米率下降,同时精米中的直链淀粉含量减少,糙米中蛋白质含量显著提高.

The effect of different soil moisture content on fertization, grain-filling and grain quality of rice from heading to maturity stages under pot test condition was studied in 1986. The result showed that, with the exception of treatments with soil moisture of 80% and 60% saturated content in the flowering stage, the single ear grain weight of all other treatments was decreased with the lowering of soil moisture content. Except the treatments with soil moisture at 80%, of the saturated in the flowering stage, the percentage of ripened grain was also decreased due to the increasing of empty and unfilled grains with the decreasing of soil moisture content, when the soil moisture content dropped to 25% of the saturated content in the flowering stage, not only the percentage of unfilled grain but also the percentage of empty grain were increased. 1000 grain weight was not significantly decreased untill the soil moisture content dropped to 25% of the saturated content.When the soil moisture content lowers, the milled rice recovery and the brown rice protein content arc both significantly raised, but the percentage of unripened grain is decreased, meanwhile the amylose content in milled rice is decreased.