文化遗产保护与开发的思考

Perspectives on the cultural heritage conservation and development

经济建设发展与文化遗产保护之间的紧张关系到处存在。既不能以牺牲珍贵文物为代价,换取旅游业的发展,也不能因为保护而拒游客于门外。为此重申“中国原则”,即以“实现人类文明延续和可持续发展的必然要求”为准则。对石窟文化的保护,初步解决了游客拥挤对壁画、彩塑的潜在威胁,加强了对风沙侵蚀危害的防范,但仍然面临许多社会和自然环境问题。古城遗址的发现,涉及对古环境反演的科学问题。利用考古发掘的丰富信息,联系古自然环境变化和人文影响、物质传播的大背景,可能有助于开豁诠释、论证古代文明和古文化的新思路。破解中原许多古城遗址之谜,也需要从重建、虚拟古环境着手。古建筑的修复或重建,既要遵循“修旧如旧”的原则,也要考虑适应现代环境与生态功能,适度采用现代新工艺和新材料。考古发掘、文化遗产保护工作中,运用环境遥感监测技术,不乏成功先例。作者建议,进一步推广田间考古格网的经验,构建多层次的格网管理信息系统,促进文化遗产保护与开发的能力建设与现代化。

The contradiction between economic development and cultural heritage conservation is common everywhere. On the one hand, tourism can not be developed at the cost of destroying rare cultural relics while on the other , we shouldnt stop developing tourism for the sake of cultural heritage conservation. Here we reiterated the “China Policy”, which is the requirement for fulfilling human culture succession and sustainable development. In grotto culture protection, some problems have been solved, such as the harm of crowded people to fresco and painted sculpture, wind and sand erosion, etc. But there are many other social and natural environmental problems, one of which is the erosion of flood to the base of grotto. Ancient city sites are helpful for paleo-environmental reconstruction.The abundant information from archeological excavation, together with natural environmental change and culture spreading, might contribute to a new way to explain and demonstrate ancient cultures. Explaining the enigmas of many ancient city sites also need to start with virtual paleo-environment. The reconstruction of old buildings should follow the principle of “repair as their origins”. Besides, adapting the old buildings to modern environmental and ecological functions should also be considered. New technology and material can be used in some cases. There are several successful examples of applications of remote sensing monitoring to archeological excavation and cultural heritage conservation. We suggested that grid technology used in the field of archeology should be further popularized. And multi-level grid management information systems should be built up to improve cultural heritage conservation and development.