古村落旅游地旅游环境容量初探——以世界文化遗产西递古村落为例

A research on tourism environmental carrying capacity of ancient villages: a case study of world cultural heritage-Xidi Village

作为传统历史文化旅游地,古村落正备受关注,旅游发展势头迅猛。近年来由于游客量增长迅猛、客流时间分布极不均匀以及古民居容纳能力有限等原因,造成景区超载、旅游污染现象日益严重,对古村落历史文化遗产的保护压力逐渐增大,古村落旅游环境容量问题日益凸现。本文以世界文化遗产西递古村落为研究案例,进行了实地调研工作,在旅游环境容量静态模型的基础上,对西递景区旅游环境容量状态展开分析,计算了西递景区不同季节旅游环境容量值,最后提出了古村落旅游环境容量调控的基本对策。

As traditional cultural tourism place, ancient villages have been paid more close attention in the process of rapid tourism development. Xidi Village is a typical and famous case in south Anhui province. After it was listed as the World Cultural Heritage, people came to visit in an endless stream. However, because of sharp growth of visitors, uneven distribution of tourist flows and limitation of capacity, the problems such as scenic spotsoverloading and tourism pollution, become increasingly severe and the pressure of protecting Xidi Village increases. Therefore, it is especially necessary and urgent to reinforce the research on tourism environmental carrying capacity. Taking the world cultural heritage-Xidi Village as an example, on the basis of a considerable on-the-spot investigations, this paper tries to confirm the tourism environmental carrying capacity of ancient villages and raises basic countermeasures in order to promote the sustainable development. The specific measures are： （1）to prolong open period and shorten retention period; （2）to decrease the disparities between the slack period and peak period in order to “cut the peak to fill up the valley”; （3）to reopen the former sights and develop the peripheral sights；（4）to accelerate the development of new areas； （5）to enhance management and improve services; and （6）to enhance the publicity driving force, standardize and guide the visitors behaviors.