番茄垂向分根区交替控制滴灌室内试验及节水机理

Water-saving mechanism and efficiency of vertical partial-rootzone alternative controlled drip irrigation of tomato(Lycopersicon Esculentum)

开展了垂向分根区交替控制滴灌番茄试验研究,设中等水分处理和低水分处理的垂向分根区交替控制滴灌、中等水分处理的表面滴灌3个处理。结果表明:垂向分根区交替控制滴灌可以在作物上下根区层形成干湿交替的区域,在适宜水分条件下能够大大降低耗水强度,使耗水过程趋于平缓,有利于控制植株长势、壮大径杆直径,以及增加下层根系的比重与根冠比,番茄产量在无显著下降的情况下可实现节水46.5%。在较高的土壤水分下限条件下适时进行番茄垂向分根区交替控制滴灌能够有效降低设施农业的运行管理费用、增加番茄商品率及实现节约水资源的目的。

Vertical Partial-rootzone Alternative Controlled Drip Irrigation （VPRADI） is one of the fields operating methods of Controlled Partial-rootzone Alternative Irrigation （CRAI）. At present, VPRADI has not been researched and used. Tomato is a primary vegetable of greenhouse in China. Research on the new water-saving irrigation method of tomato that can save water resources and increase the rate of commercial fruit is important.So VPRADI on tomato was studied. The treatment included middle water on VPRADI, low water of VPRADI and middle water of DI. The result showed the VPRADI can form alternative drought and wet soil zones in vertical profile of tomato rootzone. And VPRADI can reduce the intensity of water consumption and smooth the process of water consumption in appropriate irrigation schedule. It can control redundant growth of tomato, increase the stem diameter and the roots of underlayer. The tomato＇s yield dropped a few in VPRADIM than in DIM, but the water consumption of VPRADIM was saved by 46.5% in comparison with DI. VPRADI under the higher soil moisture limited is feasible to irrigate tomato in order to save water and operational expenditure of greenhouse.