综合运输体系中公路货运外部成本的内部化

Internalization of Road Freight External Cost in Comprehensive Traffic System

公路运输的外部成本普遍比其它运输方式的较大,外部成本内部化是综合运输市场公平和效率的需要。如实现公路运输外部成本的完全内部化有可能制约公路运输行业发展。为了不影响公路的竞争力,内部化水平应该考虑综合运输网络各种运输方式的竞争程度。本文基于用户效用最大化的选择理论,用优化的方法确定在消费者福利剩余最大化条件下的公路货运外部成本内部化水平。能满足消费者福利剩余最大化的内部化水平是一个有效率的水平,有利于社会资源的优化配置和公路货运业、综合运输市场的发展。最后通过实例的方式检验了目前公路货运外部成本内部化水平的合理性,得出了当前内部化水平较低的结论。这种方法为解决公路货运外部成本内部化问题探索了新思路,也可为管理层和政策制定者提供可借鉴的理论依据。

The external cost of road traffic was universally higher than other traffic ways. Internalization of External cost was needs of comprehensive traffic market＇s fair and efficiency. But if was internal completely, there was the possible restriction the development of road traffic profession. In order to utilize the competition ability of road, it should be considered that there are different comprehensive competitive levels of traffic network between various traffic ways. This paper used option theoretical to ascertain the internal level of road freight external cost under the condition of maximize customer＇s welfare surplus, based on user maximize unitility determining theory. The internalization level which could maximize customer＇s welfare surplus was an effective level, and it was helpful for the deploying of social resource, and for the development of the road freight and comprehensive traffic market. In the end, an example was given, which showed that the temporal internalization level of road freight external cost was lower. This kind of method explored a new to solution the road external cost internal problem, and it can also offer the theoretical basis for management and policy established.