云南省4020名中学生药物/物质使用情况的流行病学调查分析

THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON SUBSTANCE USE AMONG MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS IN YUNNAN

目的:了解云南省中学生药物/物质使用情况,以设计并开展有针对性的预防教育策略和活动。方法:对云南省11所中学的4955名高、初中学生采用自制问卷进行了药物/物质使用状况的匿名调查,调查内容包括“生活规律”、“家庭及朋友关系”、“使用药物/物质的种类、原因和剂量”以及“药物/物质来源”。结果:调查结束后收回有效问卷4020份。一生中曾经使用和最近3个月使用酒的人数最多(占79·68%和35·73%),其次为香烟(占33·06%和10·95%)和苯二氮卓艹类药物(占3·04%和1·64%),使用海洛因等非法毒品的人较少;男中学生使用香烟、酒者显著多于女中学生(P<0·01);最近3个月高中生使用酒和苯二氮艹卓类药物者显著多于初中生(P<0·05);吸烟与饮酒呈显著相关。结论:云南省中学生药物/物质使用情况以饮酒、吸烟为主,非法毒品的使用现象很少。建议加强中学生心理健康和药物滥用预防教育,特别是吸烟预防和同伴压力应对技能教育。

Objective： To know the substance use situation among middle school students and design effective prevention strategies in Yunnan. M ethods ： An epidemiological survey with a self- reported questionnaire was carried out on the use of substances among 4955 junior and senior middle school students in Yunnan. Results ：Totally 4020 students completed the self- reported questionnaire. Alcohol （79.68% and 35.73% ）,tobacco（33.06% and 10.95%） and benzodiazepams （3.04% and 1.64%）were the main substances used among students in their lifetime and during last 3 months before the survey. There was a notable difference in alcohol and tobacco use between male and female middle school students （P 〈 0.01）, and there was also a significant difference in alcohol and benzodiazepam use between senior and junior high school students （ P 〈 0.05）. The correlation between tobacco use and alcohol use was significant. Conclusion ： The main substances used among middle school students axe alcohol and tobacco in Yunnan. Illicit drug use is very rare among students. The author suggests that education and intervention on substance use and psychological health for adolescents be strengthened.