戒毒人员的戒毒与操守

DRUG WITHDRAWAL AND ABSTINENCE OF DRUG ABUSERS DOING REHABILITATION THROUGH LABOUR

目的:了解戒毒人员的戒毒和操守状况。方法:自行设计“戒毒情况调查表”,对997例在所劳教戒毒人员进行调查。结果:被调查者既往经过反复自愿、强制、劳教戒毒的分别为566例(56·77%),941例,(94·38%)和708例(71·01%),其中504例曾戒毒3次以上。戒毒后操守时间最长不足0·3a者278例(27·88%),不足1a者469例(47·04%),2a以上只有48例(4·81%)。戒毒后复吸的主要原因有“无聊无事”,“想再尝试一口”,“毒友诱惑”,“感受到歧视、自卑”,“稽延性戒断症状”等。有844例认为,出所后有50%以上复吸的可能性。戒毒出所后最需要的是“家庭、社会的理解和支持”(544例,占54·56%)。结论:大部分患者经历多次反复戒毒,未能彻底戒除毒瘾。影响操守的原因很多。提示单纯戒毒不能降低复吸率,应该把心理辅导、社会和家庭支持有机纳入整个戒毒过程中,才能延长操守,降低复吸率。

Objective： To understand the status of drug withdrawal and abstinence of drug abusers doing rehabilitation through labour. Methods： A survey was conducted in 997 drug abusers doing rehabilitation through labour with a self- designed questionnaire. Results： Among 997 drug abusers, respectively 566（56.77% ）, 941（94.38% ） and 708（71.01 % ） cases repeatedly undertook detoxification and rehabilitation in voluntary, compulsory and through labour settings including 504 done more than three times. After detoxification, 278（27.88%） kept abstinent for less than 0.3 year, 469 persons （47.04%） for less than 1 year and only 48（4.81% ） kept drug free for more than 2 years. The main reasons for relapse were fastidium and impunity, craving for using it again, temptation by peer users, feeling discrimination, self- humihation, protracted withdrawal symptoms. 844 drug users thought there would be more than 50% possibility to relapse. Conclusion： Most drug addicts have done drug rehabilitation through volunteary, compulsory and labour methods but relapse with different reasons. Comprehensive treatment including psychotherapy, behavior modification and social support system should be enhanced to extend abstinent time and prevent relapse.