血液透析患者医院感染的临床调查与分析

Clinical Research and Analysis of Nosocomial Infections of Patients with Hemodialysis

目的 探讨血液透析患者医院感染的相关因素,提出相应的预防和控制措施。方法 对我院2002年和2003年515例血液透析患者进行回顾性调查与分析。结果 总结出2002 年和2003 年感染率分别为37.86%和32.72%,感染部位依次是血管通路、呼吸道、消化道、泌尿道及血液感染,2003年抗生素联合使用率明显高于2002年,病原菌中真菌感染率明显上升,2 个以上部位感染所占的比例也明显升高。结论 严格消毒管理制度和无菌技术操作,加强透析液、消毒剂和灭菌剂的监测,注意洗手,合理使用抗生素和血及血制品是预防和控制医院感染的有效措施。

Objective To research the correlated factors of nosocomial infections of patients with hemodialysis, and take measures to prevent and control it. Methods 515 hemodialysis patients were surveyed and analyzed retrospectively in our hospital in 2001 and 2002. Results The rate of infection is 37.86% in 2001 and 32. 72% in 2002. The infection locations are blood vessel tract, the respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary tract and blood infection. The rate using antibiotics in 2002 is higher than that in 2001. The rate of fungous infection in pathogenic bacteria is rising evidently, so is the proportion of the infection over two locations. Conclusions The effective measures to prevent and control the nosocomial infections are being strict in sterilization and aseptic technic, strengthening monitoring dialysate, disinfectant and the sterile agent, washing hands strictly and using antibiotics, blood and the products made from blood rationally.