婚内强奸:从客观事实到法律事实的演进

Marital Rape: from Objective Fact to Legal Fact

古代西方在传统夫制社会下的男强女弱、男主女从的模式之下,刑法理论中的婚内强奸难以占得一席之地,主要缘于以“妻子承诺论”和“促使女方报复论”为理论支撑的“丈夫豁免”。20世纪中后期以来,在工业革命的背景下,西方各国开始了一场规模空前、势不可挡的以追求政治、经济、性权利平等为目标的女权运动,人们开始逐步反思检讨“丈夫豁免”的正当性,摒弃了强奸罪中的“丈夫除外”原则。婚内强奸在中国作为一个客观事实的存在显而易见,而其从客观事实到法律事实的演进,反映了当代中国在权利规范从社会本位走向权利本位之后,人权保障和提供社会公正将是任何一项法律制度所不可或缺的功能。

Under the male-supremacy system in ancient western society, the marital rape in the criminal-law theory could undoubtedly have not a leg to stand on with the ＂male immunity＂ supported by ＂wife＇s commitment＂ and other arguments. Since the latter half of the 20th century, when a feminist movement for equal political, economic and sexual rights swept across western countries with an irresistible momentum in the on-going industrial revolution, people have begun to cast doubt upon the ＂male immunity＂ and write off the principle in the crime of rape. Marital rape is an objective fact in China. Its evolution to legal fact indicates that, in contemporary China, with the transition of the norm of rights from the social standard to the right standard the guarantee of human rights and the provision of social justice will be a function that no legal system can dispense with.