社会、心理与传统的文化整合——论宋代理学与文学的联结基础

The Cultural Integration of Social, Mentality and Tradition ——A Discussion on the Binding Basis of the Idealist Philosophy and Literature in the Song Dynasty

理学与文学各有自身的发展轨迹,但是,在理学发生的宋代,统治者以“崇文抑武”为国策,笼络知识分子,广开科举,大倡尊孔读经,使儒学复兴成为宋代文化繁荣的核心体现。作为宋学核心的理学,其基本精神自然渗透于包括文学在内的意识形态各个领域。而时代性的人文文化氛围和理性思辨精神对宋代文人心理的浸润,进而铸就宋代文学的根本的文化性格。同时,传统儒家思想的表达,无不借助于文学的形式,儒家是先秦诸子中与文学关系最为密切的,因此,作为新儒学形态的宋代理学,在表达方式上也难以割断与传统儒学的联系。

The idealist Philosophy and Literature have its own developing track, however, when the idealist Philosophy appeared in the＇Song Dynasty, the rulers held “Valuing Civil More than Military” as their national policy. They roped in the intellectuals, developed the civil examination system widely, advocated respecting Confucius and reading classic texts, and made the Confucian School resuscitation as the core reflection of cultural prosperity of the Song Dynasty. As the core of Song Studies, the foundamental spirit of the idealist Philosophy permeated into various areas of ideology including literature naturally. The humanistic culture atmosphere and rational thought spirit of the Song Dynasty soaked the scholars＇ mentality, thus founded the essential cultural characteristics of the Literature of the Song Dynasty. Meanwhile, the expression of traditional Confucian spirit rested on the form of Literature. As Confucian had the closest relationship with Literature among the Educators in Pre-Qin Dynasty, the idealist Philosophy of the Song Dynasty which was Neo-Confucian, couldn＇t cut the relationship with traditional Confucian School in the expression form.