李嘉图国际贸易理论的新兴古典分析——交易效率、偏好对国际贸易的影响

New Classical Analysis of Ricardo’s International Trade Theory——Influences of Trade Efficiency and Preference on International Trade

李嘉图的比较成本理论作为国际贸易理论不可动摇的基础,具有重要的理论价值。而新兴古典贸易理论的发展,为解释国内贸易和国际贸易提供了一个统一的理论框架。其核心在于该理论独特的分析工具:超边际分析方法。采用新兴古典经济学的超边际分析方法,引入交易效率和偏好,对李嘉图的国际贸易理论进行新的分析,可以得出很多有价值的结论。本文通过建立同时存在李嘉图外生比较技术差异和交易成本的新兴古典模型,探讨了交易效率和偏好对国际贸易的影响。为贸易政策的制定提供了理论依据。一国在制定对外贸易政策时,应从改变交易效率、偏好结构的角度出发,制定有利于本国的贸易政策,从而改善其外贸条件,进一步促进其国际贸易的发展。

It is obvious that the value of Ricardo＇ s comparative cost theory is fundamental to the international trade theory. And the development of the new classical trade theory provides a common theory core for explaining domestic trade and international trade. The perfect framework and its powerful explaining ability draw much attention from many fields. The core of the theory lies in its peculiar analysis tool. That is the way of infra-marginal analysis.By adopting the method of infra-marginal analysis in new classical economics, introducing trade efficiency and preference, and analyzing Ricardo＇s international trade theory from a new angle, a lot of valuable conclusions can be obtained. With the establishment of the new classical model that includes both in Ricardo＇s exogenous technique difference and trade cost, this paper explores the influence of trade efficiency and preference on international trade. This will provide theoretical basis for formulating the trade policy for our own country. When formulating the foreign trade policy, the trade policy that will be beneficial to our country should be laid down from the angle of changing trade efficiency and preference structure. By doing this, our country＇ s foreign trade condition will be improved, the international trade in our country will be promoted further, and this will beneficial for the opening to the outside and economic construction of our country.