西方哲学美学中的实体形式观念

Entelechy in Western Philosophy Aesthetics

实体形式肇始于西方第一位形式主义者亚里士多德,是形式"语义"家族中的重要一员。亚里士多德的形式观分为审美意义上的形式(美在和谐)和本体论意义上的形式(形式质料说)。托马斯·阿奎那总结了古代和中世纪的形式观念,以亚里士多德的形式观念为基础,阐述了美的三要素(完整、比例、鲜明)说;现代新托马斯主义者马利坦、吉尔松复活了亚里士多德的形式观念,并且从存在论(最高的存在即上帝、纯形式)上论证了包括美和艺术在内的整个世界。

Aristotle, the first western formalist, was the beginner of the use of Entelechy which is a key member of the form “meaning”. Aristotle＇s idea of form could be divided into two parts, the aesthetic form （beauty was harmony） and the ontological form （hylomorphism）. Thomas Aquinas summarized the form ideas of ancient Greek and Middle Ages, and made a systematic exposition on the three elements of aesthetics （integrity, proportion and splendor）. Modern Neo Thomists Maritain and Gilson revived Aristotle＇ s idea of form and proved systematically the whole world including art and beauty from the point of ontology （God）.