新诗诗体建设的问题与对策

On the Problems and Ways to Construct Poetic Style of Modern Chinese Poetry

新诗在20世纪汉语诗坛占有主导地位,却没有建立起必要的诗体。尽管有很多诗人致力于新诗的诗体建设,也取得了一些成绩,确立了新诗的初步形态,新诗诗体建设的最大成功之处是在20年代初中期初步确立了新诗的基本形态,特别是确立了新诗的两大形式特征———新诗的音乐形式和排列形式。新诗却始终处在文体自发与文体自觉、诗体的准定型与不定型、诗的律化与自由化、诗人的文体自律性与文体创造性的对抗与和解中,其中对抗远远大于和解,造成每种诗体都无法进行持续的建设,使诗体建设成为百年新诗最大的问题。目前正是加强诗体建设的重要时期,21世纪新诗的诗体建设既要正视现实,又要面向未来,既需要现实的构建策略,也需要理想的构建方法。

Modem Chinese poetry is the most important poetry in 20th century. The necessary poetic style has not been built up though many poets tried to build it and have got some achievement. The greatest achievement is that they have formed the basic form of modem Chinese poetry during the middle 20th century, especially the two main stylistic characters： the music of poetry and the shape of poetry. However the modem poetry has been living in the conflicts and reconciliations between the spontaneous style with the conscious style, the quasi - fixed poetic style with the free fixed style, the meter of poetry with the free of poetry, the stylistic self- schooling with the stylistic creativity of poets. Among them the conflicts were more than reconciliations, which caused the un - continuously development of every poetic style, and made the construction of poetic style the greatest problem in 100 years history of modem history.