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不同运动处方对人体骨密度及基本体质指标的影响 被引量:11

Effects of various exercise prescription on human bone mineral density and essential physical quality index
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摘要 目的:探讨不同运动方式对人体骨密度及基本体质指标的影响,并分析两者之间的相关性。方法:于2004-03/06选择鞍山师范学院体育系男生100人和英语系男生60人作为观察对象。以运动项目及运动频率为条件分成3组,体育专业组,体育人口组和对照组。体育专业组100人(中长跑专项组15人,排球专项组28人,足球专项组21人,短跑专项组16人,武术专项组20人;运动频次为大于5次/周);体育人口组30人(英语系体育人口,运动频次为每周三四次,对照组30人(英语系非体育人口,运动项目一般为排球和足球,运动频次一般为第周一两次,每次运动时间为不少于半小时的适于自身个体的强度运动)。年龄19~22岁。于运动处方实施2周后采用单光子吸收法测量观察对象的非优势手臂桡骨中远1/3处的骨密度;采用标准体质测量法对其基本体质指标进行检测,包括身高,坐高,体质量,胸围,腰围,臀围(三围精密度为0.5cm),皮褶厚度为观察对象的肩胛骨下缘和上臂后部的脂肪厚度(测量精密度为0.1mm)。组间比较经双尾检验,P<0.05为显著性水平判断的标准。结果:160人均完成测量,全部进入结果分析。①各组骨密度差异比较:体育人口组、中长跑专项组、排球专项组、足球专项组骨密度高于对照组;短跑专项组、武术专项组显著高于对照组。②各组基本体质指标值的差异比较:对照组的身高、坐高显著低于体育专业组;体质量和腰围明显小于体育专业组;胸围和握力明显低于体育人口组,显著低于体育专业组;而对照组上臂皮褶厚度与肩胛下角皮褶厚度大于体育人口组和体育专业组相比。③骨密度与基本体质指标的相关性分析:握力指标、握力/身高指标与骨密度值有显著正相关(r=0.661,r=0.623,P<0.01),骨密度与其他体质指标(身高,坐高,体质量,胸围,腰围,臀围,上臂皮褶厚度,肩胛下角皮褶厚度无相关性。结论:①随着运动强度的增加,骨密度值有上升的规律。②握力、握力/身高与其骨密度值有显著正相关,握力和握力/身高可作为评价人体骨健康状况的间接指标。③持之以恒地进行运动频率≥3次/周、运动时间≥30min/次的适宜于自身个体的高强度运动可作为年轻时期增进骨健康的运动处方。 AIM: To observe the effects of different manners of exercises on human bone mineral density (BMD) and essential physical quality target, and analyze their correlation.METHODS: Totallyl00 male undergraduates from Department of Physical Education and 60 male undergraduates from Department of English were selected from Anshan Normal College from March to June 2004. They were divided into 3 groups according to sports events and exercise frequency:sports professional group, sports population group and controlled group.There were 100 people in sports professional group (15 people in middlelong special group; 28 people in volleyball special group; 21 people in football special group; 16 people in dash special group; 20 people in martial arts special group, (Exercise frequency was more than five times a week.) thirty people in sports population group (people from Department of English, sports population, Exercise frequency was three or four times a week), thirty people in controlled group (people from Department of English, non sports population, sports events were generally volleyball and football. Exercise frequency was commonly once or twice a week, and sports time was less than half an hour. The sports were suitable for individual intensity.). People were aged from 19 to 22. Single photo absorptionetry (SPA) was adopted on BMD at one third point of radius of disadvantaged arm two weeks after carrying out exercise prescription;Essential physical quality target was measured by standard physical quality measurement method, including beight, sitting-height, body mass, chest measurement, waistline and buttoehs line (Precision of three measurementswas 0.5 cm). Skin traction glue was inferior border of scapula and fat thickness of posterior part of upper arm (Precision of measurements was 0.1 mm). Comparison among groups was detected by double-tail method,and significant judgment standard was P 〈 0.05.RESULTS: Totally 160 people were measured and involved in analysis of results.① Comparison of difference of BMD in each group: It was higher in sports population group, middle-long special group; volleyball special group; football special group than that of controlled group; It was higher significantly in dash special group, martial arts special group than that of controlled group. ②Comparison of difference of essential physical ability target in each group: height and sitting-height in controlled group were lower significantly than that of professional sports group; body mass and chest measurement in controlled group were smaller than that of sports professional group; waistline and strength of grasp in controlled group were lower significantly than that of sports population group, and lower significantly than that of sports professional group. Skin traction glue of upper arm and skinfold of subscapularis in controlled group were thicker than that of sports population group and professional sports group. ③Analysis of correlation between BMD and essential physical ability target:strength of grasp target, grip strength/height target had correlation with BMD (r=0.661, r=0.623,P 〈 0.01). The other physical ability target(height, sitting-height, body mass, chest measurement, waistline, buttochs line, skin traction glue of upper arm and skinfold of subscapularis) had no correlation with BMD.CONCLUSION: ① As the increase of exercise intensity, BMD shows rising regulation.② Strength of grasp and grip strength/height have significant correlation with BMD. Strength of grasp and grip strength/height can be used as indirect index for the evaluation of health status of human bone. ③ Doing high intensity exercises that is suitable for oneself with sports frequency equal or over three times a week and sports time equal or over 30 minutes every time can be conducted as exercise prescription for improving bone health during young period.
作者 修晓雨
出处 《中国临床康复》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2005年第20期174-175,共2页 Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
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