举重和中长跑男性青少年运动员的前臂骨矿状态

Bone mineral status in forearm of adolescent male athletes of weight lifting and middle-distance running

目的:调查不同运动类型和运动强度对男性青少年前臂骨矿状态的影响。方法:于1998-03/06选择沈阳市3个青少年业余体校男性运动员作为实验观察对象。举重组14人,平均年龄(18.0±0.6)岁,参加举重训练时间1.5～5年,平均(2.8±1.4)年。中长跑组14人,年龄(18.0±0.6)岁,已参加中长跑专项训练4～9年,平均(5.7±1.8)年。两组运动员每周训练时间均在20h以上。对照组为某中专师范班男生21人,平均年龄(17.8±0.4)岁,均未参加过任何专项体育训练,平均每周参加运动的时间少于5h,其主要运动是足球、跑步和常规体育课。各组成员均已排除患有影响骨代谢的急慢性疾病(如肾病、糖尿病和甲状腺疾病等)。经临床检查和询问所有调查对象均已过了青春生长突增阶段,性发育正常。用BH-6012型二维扫描单光子骨密度仪测量举重组和中长跑组双臂,对照组非优势手桡骨超远端骨矿含量(g)、骨密度(g/cm2)、骨面积(cm2),同时测量身高和体质量。结果:所有调查对象均完成各项测试,进入结果分析。①作质量比较:举重组比较明显高于中长跑组和对照组犤(91.4±23.7),(66.2±9.1),(65.4±4.7)kg,P<0.05犦,中长跑组和对照组间无差异。②骨矿含量和骨密度比较:举重组明显高于中长跑组和对照组犤(1.481±0.306),(0.981±0.196),(0.989±0.222)g;P<0.01犦,而中长跑组和对照组间没有显著性差异。以年龄、身高、体质量和骨面积协变量校正后,结果保持不变。③两臂骨矿含量和骨密度比较:举重组两臂骨矿含量分别为(1.481±0.306),(1.474±0.233)g;骨密度分别为(0.553±0.081),(0.577±0.059)g/cm2,差异不显著。中长跑组优势手骨密度明显高于非优势手犤(0.406±0.049)、(0.423±0.056)g/cm2,P<0.05)。结论:举重运动可增加男性青少年前臂骨密度,中长跑运动对男性青少年前臂骨密度没有显著影响。

AIM：To investigate the influence of different exercise type and exercise intensity on the bone mineral status in male adolescents.METHODS：The subjects were the male athletes in 3 amateur schools of physical education in Shenyang city between March and June 1998.The subjects in the weight lifting group （n=14） at an average age of（18.0±0.6） years were involved in weight lifting training for 1.5 to 5 years with an average of （2.8±1.4） years; The subjects in the middle-distance running group （n=14） at an average age of （18.0±0.6） years were involved in middle-distance running training for 4 to 9 years with an average of （5.7±1.8） years, all the athletes in both groups were trained for more than 20 hours every week. Another 21 male students at an average age of （17.8±0.4） years in a teacher＇s class of a technical secondary school were taken as controls （control group）, and they had never participated in any special training of physical education, and their weekly exercise time was less than 5 hours, and the main sports were football, running and routine class of physical education. Those with acute and chronic diseases that could affect the bone metabolism （such as nephritic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and disease of thyroid gland） were excluded.All the subjects were considered to have passed the phase of youth growth spurt and had normal sexual development by means of clinical examination and inquisition. The bone mineral content （g）, bone mineral density （g/cm^2） and bone area （cm^2） of forearm in the weight lifting group and middle-distance running group and of non-dominant super-radial forearm in the control group were measured with a BH-6012 type two-dimensional scanning single photon absorptiometer, meanwhile their body height and body mass were also measured.RESULTS：All the subjects finished the study and were involved in the analysis of results. ① Comparison of body mass： It was obviously higher in the weight lifting group than in the middle-distance running group and the control group [（91.4±23.7）, （66.2±9.1）, （65.4±4.7） kg, P〈 0.05], and there was no difference between the middle-distance running group and the control group. ② Comparison of bone mineral content, bone mineral density：Those were obviously higher in the weight lifting group than in the middledistance running group and the control group [（1.481±0.306）, （0.981±0.196）,（0.989±0.222） g; P〈 0.01], and there was no difference between the middie-distance running group and the control group. The results were still the same after correction of age, body height, body mass and bone area. ③Comparison of bone mineral content, bone mineral density between two forearms： There were no significant differences in bone mineral content[（1.481±0.306）, （1.474±0.233） g] and bone mineral density [（0.553±0.081）,（0.577±0.059） g/cm^2] between the two forearms in the weight lifting group;In the middle-distance running group, the bone mineral density of the dominant hand was obviously higher than that of the non-dominant hand[（0.406±0.049）, （0.423±0.056） g/cm^2, P 〈 0.05].CONCLUSION： Weight lifting can increase the bone mineral density of forearm in male adolescents, and middle-distance running has insignificant influence on the bone mineral density of forearm in male adolescents.