厚壳贻贝多糖的提取和免疫学活性研究

Extraction of Mytilus coruscus polysaccharides and study on their immunoactivities

目的:深入研究海洋生物多糖的药用价值,对厚壳贻贝多糖进行提取分离和免疫学活性的研究。方法:通过热碱法提取厚壳贻贝多糖粗品,用双蒸水配成三种浓度的厚壳贻贝多糖溶液,然后对其进行正常小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化实验、迟发型变态反应、NK细胞活性测定、抗体生成细胞的检测、碳廓清实验、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞等实验,并用MTT法对荷瘤小鼠进行了脾淋巴细胞增殖活力测定。结果:成功获得厚壳贻贝多糖粗品,呈白色粉末状;各项免疫学活性测定结果表明厚壳贻贝多糖粗品溶液能有效地增加正常小鼠的脾淋巴细胞转化率,增强小鼠迟发型变态反应、NK细胞活性、抗体形成细胞活性、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞百分率(P<0.01),且随多糖溶液浓度增高而增强(各浓度组间相比P<0.01);厚壳贻贝粗品溶液还能非常显著地提高荷瘤小鼠的脾脏细胞的增殖能力(P<0.01)。结论:厚壳贻贝多糖能从细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能、单核巨噬细胞功能及NK细胞活性方面促进正常小鼠的免疫活性作用,并具有明显的抗肿瘤作用。

Objective：To extract Mytilus coruscus polysaccharides and study their immunoactivities, in an attempt to probe the medicinal value of marine creature polysaccharides. Methods： Crude polysaccharides were extracted from Mytilus coruscus by boiled alkali method and were dissolved into solutions of 3 different concentrations. Their biologic activities were observed on normal mice through the following indices： splenic lymphocyte transformation efficiency, delayed type allergy, NK activity,antibody forming cells（AFC） activity, rate of carbon clearance, and rate of peritoneal macrophage phagocytizing chicken red blood cell（CRBC）. The energometry of splenic lymphocyte （SPL） of tumor-bearing mice were determined by MTT method.Results： Crude polysaccharides were extracted from Mytilus coruscus. It was found that the crude polysaccharides increased splenic lymphocyte transformation efficiency（P〈0. 01）, enhanced delayed type allergy（P〈0. 01）,NK activity （P〈0.01）,AFC activity（P〈0.01）, the rate of carbon clearance（P〈0.01）, the rate of peritoneal macrophage phagocytizing CRBC （P〈0.01）. Crude polysaccharides also effectively increased the proliferation activities of splenic lymphocyte in tumor-bearing mice（P〈0.01 ）. All the above effects were positively correlated with the concentration of the crude polysaccharides solution（P〈0. O1 ）. Conclusion： Crude polysaccharides solution can enhance the immunocompetence of normal mice through improving cellular immune function, humoral immune function, monocaryon-macrophage function and NK activity. Besides, they also have evident anti tumor effect.