国有商业银行股份制改造的制度移植及本土化

Institutional Transplantation and Indigenization in the Stock-holding System Transformation of the State-own

从制度经济学的研究视角来看,中国国有商业银行正在相继进行的股份制改造,就是实施股份制的制度移植及本土化。股份制的发展史和中国国有商业银行与股份制商业银行的绩效比较都证明,对国有商业银行移植优秀的企业制度———股份制,在当前是公认的、最优的改革路径。但与典型股份制比较,先行的10家股份制商业银行在股份制移植后,存在本土化的种种问题。所以,对国有商业银行进行股份制改造,不但要注重股份制的移植,更要不遗余力地使其本土化,即在充分考虑国有商业银行原有组织制度存在路径依赖的现实情况下,精心设计股份制在国有商业银行中的制度构造,积极营造股份制运行的制度环境,不断消除与典型股份制的差异。

Viewed from the research visual angle of the institutional economics, the stock-holding system transformation that CSCB （China＇s state-owned commercial banks） are carrying on in succession is to implement the institutional transplantation and indigenization of the stock-holding system. The development history of the stock-holding system as well as the comparison about the achievements and efficiency between CSCB and CJCB （China＇s joint-stock commercial banks） show that to transplant the stock-holding system to CSCB is generally acknowledged as the optimum reform path at present. However, compared with the typical stock-holding system, ten CJCB involve some problems about indigenization after the stock-holding system transplantation. Therefore, carrying out stock-holding system transformation to CSCB, not only importance should be attached to the institutional transplantation, but also great effort should be made to the indigenization of the stock-holding system, namely, under the actual condition of sufficiently considering the path dependence of the original institution of CSCB, the structure of the stockholding system in CSCB should be elaborately designed,while the institutional environment of it＇s operation should be actively constructed and the differences between the transplanted institution and the typical stock-holding system should be constantly eliminated.