论马克思主义文学批评中国化的经验和误区

On Sinicization Experiences and Lessons of Marxist Literary Criticism

马克思主义文学批评的中国化．是一个动态的历史过程，其间既有经验．也有误区。在文学的外部关系上，批评家们对马克思主义文学批评的美学历史观点偏重社会功利性接受．发展和完善了其社会政治功能．但同时显示出接受视野和阐释模式的偏狭。在文学的内部关系上，许多批评家在马克思主义视点下阐释文学精神现象，如胡风的“主观战斗精神”、刘再复的“文学主体性”理论，它们是对马克思主义文学批评中国化的巨大贡献，但又有其理论缺陷。但是，无论哪种理论观点，只要它不违背马克思主义的基本原则、立场和方法，我们就应当承认其在马克思主义文学批评史上的地位。

The Sinicization of Marxist literary cristism is a dynamic and historical course. In this course, there are both experiences and lessons. On literary external relations, critics accept aesthetic and historical viewpoint of Marxist literary criticism in social utilitarian attitude, develop and perfect its social political function. However, they demonstrate their parochialism of acceptance field and explaination pattern. On literary internal relations, critics expound literary spiritual phenomenon in the view of Marxism, for example, Hu Feng's Subjective Fighting Spirit, Liu Zaifu's Literary Subjectivity theory. They are enormous contribution to the sinicization of Marxist literary criticism, but they also have their theoretical defects. Nevertheless, whichever theory viewpoint, provided it doesn't violate Marxist principle, stand and method, we should give recognition in the history of Marxist literary criticism.