轮状病毒感染的人群分布及快速检测方法

The Population of Rotavirus Infection and A Rapid Immunoassay [ JZ]for Detection of Rotavirus Antigens in Human Stool

目的了解医院轮状病毒感染的人群分布并介绍一种检测粪便中轮状病毒抗原的快速方法,以便及早确诊病人是否为轮状病毒感染引起的腹泻,从而为临床提供良好的诊断依据.方法采用美国Meridan公司生产的快速EIA法检测粪便中轮状病毒抗原的试剂盒检测该院有腹泻症状的病人粪便标本.结果从2001年6月到2004年2月三年内累计检测了825例病人粪便标本,总阳性率为19.27%(159/825),且好发于秋冬季,其阳性率为26.28%至34.04%;而春夏季的阳性率仅为0～5.84%.所有阳性病例中6 mo至2 y的婴幼儿占64.15%(102/159);10 y以上的儿童及成人占13.2%.结论 6 mo至2 y的婴幼儿是轮状病毒的易感人群.采用美国Meridan公司生产的快速EIA法检测粪便中轮状病毒抗原试剂盒在15 min内便可确定粪便中是否有轮状病毒,有利于疾病的早期诊断、治疗和预防,防止社区/区域性流行.

Objective To know about the population of rotavirus infection in hospital and to introduce a rapid method for detecting rotavirus antigens in human stool so that the patients with diarrhea can be diagnosed and treated early. Methods Rotavirus of stool specimens from patients with diarrhea were detected using the rapid EIA kit made in America. Results From June 2001 to Feb. 2004,825 stool specimens were detected. The total positive rate was 19.27o/6o （159/825）. Most positive cases were seen in Autumn-Winter with positive rates from 26. 28% to 34. 04% in contrast to 0 to 5. 84% in Sprlng-Summer. Furthermore,in all positive cases about 64. 15% （102/159） were 6 months to 2 years , whereas 13.2% were over 10 years. Conclusion 6 months to 2 years old children have high positive rate of rotavirus infection. The meridan rapid rotavirus antigen method can define the presence of rotavirus in human stool within 15 minutes,which helps early treatment and prevention,preventing from community or area endemics.