RNA干涉和小干涉RNA

RNA interference and small interference RNA

RNA干涉(RNAinterference.RNAi)可以抑制诸多真核基因的表达,小干涉RNA(smallintmferenceRNA,siRNA)是RNA干涉的引发物,不同的siRNA可以引导不同水平的RNA干涉,不同种细胞中siRNA的寡核苷酸链的性质也有很大的不同.非编码RNA中的微小RNA(micnoRNA,miRNA)与siRNA在结构及作用方式等方面有很多区别和联系.RNAi的作用机制大致有两种:在Drosophila中的一般作用模式和在C.elegans中的扩大作用模式.利用RNA干涉技术可以通过抑制基因的表达来研究其功能;RNA干涉作为基因治疗的工具,在肝炎和AIDS的治疗过程中有一定的作用.RNAi的高特异性、高效性、放大效应和无细胞特异性等特点在科研中得到了广泛的应用.

RNA interference（RNAi）can suppress the expression of virtually any gene of a wide range of eukaryotes. Different siRNA （small interference RNA）,as trigger of RNAi, can lead to different level of RNA interference. The characters of various types of oligonucleotide duplexes differ in different species.miRNA（mircro RNA）has some relationship with siRNA in configuration and action mode, which are both members of ncRNA（noncoding RNA）. There are two mechanisms of RNA silencing, the standard model for RNAi in Drosophila and a proposed mechanism for RNAi in C. elegans. RNAi is useful for dissecting the function of genes through suppressing genes expression. As a new tool for gene treatment, RNAi plays an important role in treating hepatitis and AIDS. RNAi is widely used in experiment research due to its high specificity, high efficiency, magnification and no-cell specificity.