短时记忆及其策略一生发展的横断研究

A Cross-Sectional Study of STM Development in Life Span

采用横向研究方法探索短时记忆及策略的一生发展状况。测量120名6-70岁被试在三种材料上的记忆广度,并通过观察记录策略的运用。结果发现,记忆广度在16岁达到最高峰,以后下降。不同材料的记忆广度具有相同的发展趋势,近似于年龄对数的二次函数。策略成熟的时间与记忆广度的最高峰的年龄基本相同,在成年期一直保持在较高水平。45岁以后,策略应用的效率有所下降。论文还根据本研究的结果探讨了短时记忆一生发展的具体模式。

A cross-sectional experimental study was conducted toexplore short-term memory and strategy development in life span. 120 participants were involved in this study whose ages varied from 6 to 70. For each subject, the memory span was measured with three materials： digit, color, fanmiliar shape； and the strategies they used in the memory span task were observed and recorded by the researcher.The results showed that memory spans increased with age in childhood and peaked at 16 years old, and then decreased. The developmental trend of memory span fitted a quadratic function of logarithm of age. Children develop a mature memory strategy at the age of 16. and keep the level during the adulthood, but the efficiency of utilization decreased after 45 years old. According to these results, the authors also gave further discussion about the developmental pattern of STM in life span.