儿童欺骗的情境依赖

Situational Effects on Children's Deception

采用竞争游戏的方式研究3～6岁儿童在外显和隐蔽情境里的欺骗。结果表明4、5岁儿童行为上的隐蔽欺骗和错误信念理解显著相关;3岁儿童语言上的外显欺骗(说谎)和错误信念理解显著相关;各年龄段儿童行为上的外显欺骗和错误信念理解没有显著相关。和Carlson(1998)的研究结果不一致的是,本研究中4、5、6岁儿童的隐蔽欺骗人数显著超过外显欺骗人数。结果提示,语言上的外显欺骗(说谎)不仅和儿童的执行功能有关,还可能和欺骗时的情境压力有关。

This research used one competitive game to test 3～6 year-olds＇ covert deceptive behavior, overt deceptive behavior, overtdeceptive language （lie） and false belief understanding. 4-and 5-year-olds＇ covert hehavioral deceptions significantly correlated with their false belief understanding; 3-year-olds＇ overt verbal deception （lying） significantly correlated with their false belief understanding; no significant correlation between overt behavioral deception and false belief understanding existed. Different from former results （Carlson, 1998）, the quantities of 4-5-and 6-year-olders who deceived behaviorally during the covert deceptive situation are significantly more than those who deceived behaviorally during the overt deceptive situation. Children＇s performance on lying was found to be not related to children＇s inhibition only. The possible role of social intimidation in lying was discussed.