2～4岁儿童对“大”“小”空间形容词词义掌握的研究

The Research of the Grasp of the Adjective Space Acceptation of “Big” & “Small” about 2- to 4-year-old Enfants

本研究以2～4儿童为研究对象。在自然实验条件下,通过精心设计的四项实验,得出结论:2岁儿童还未了解大小词义;2.5岁儿童能判别当前两同类物体的大小;3岁儿童能对两同类物体的大小相对性比较;4岁儿童能掌握不同类物体间大小的搭配;4岁儿童9成能掌握人与物间相对大小的匹配,但仅一半儿童掌握三个同类物体同时比较时大小相对关系,即4岁儿童还未对“大”“小”词义完全掌握。实验表明儿童掌握“大”“小”空间形容词是由易到难,由浅到深,由绝对禁止到相对灵活,由以自我为中心到以外界为中心。

Under the condition of natural experiment and through 4 elaborate -designed experiments,we get the result that 2-year-old erdants cannot understand big ＆ small acceptation；2.5-year-old enfants can distinguish big ＆ small from two same objects；3-year-old enfants can compare relatively big ＆ small with two same objects； 4-year-old enfants can grasp big ＆ small among different objects arranged in groups； 90% of 4-year-old enfants can grasp big ＆ small matched between people and obiects,but only half of the enfants can grasp big ＆ small relatively connection,that means 4-year-old enfants have not mastered the entireness of big ＆ small acceptation. The experiments indicate that when enfants grasp the big ＆ small acception,it follows the rule that they master them from easy to difficult as well as from simple to complicated, from utterly prohibitation to relatively agility, from self-centered to impersonality.