从制度变迁视角审视新中国工业化进程中的农业发展历程

The Developmental Process of Agriculture under the Background of Industrialization in New China from the angle of Institutional Transition

我国农村体制的发展历程大体上可以分为两个主要阶段:一是人民公社体制时期;二是家庭承包责任制时期。将这一发展历程置于工业化的背景下运用新制度主义经济学的方法分析,可见人民公社体制的建立不是着眼于如何提高农业的生产效率,而是为了最大限度地汲取农业剩余资源;人民公社体制为家庭承包责任制所取代,但没有改变“工占农利”的局面。进入新世纪,我国农村体制发生了一系列重大变化,这似乎昭示着工业反哺农业时代的到来。

The process of rural systems in New China can be divided into two main periods roughly： the first is the period of the people＇s communes; the other is the period of the household responsibility system. Through applying the method of new institutional economics, the research places the evolution of rural institution under the background of industrialization, and points out that the founding of the people＇s communes is not for improvement of the agricultural production, but for the surplusage of agriculture. The replacing of the people＇s communes by the household responsibility system didn＇t change the situation of the industrial domination of rural interests. In the new century, a list of important changes take place in the rural social systems, which indicates the forming of a new relation between industry and agriculture.