中国湿地评价研究进展与展望

A Review on the Study of Wetland Assessment in China

湿地评价在20世纪70年代后逐渐成为湿地科学的研究热点。针对不同的评价目的、评价对象和评价指标体系,湿地评价可以分为湿地生态系统功能评价、湿地生态效益评价和湿地生态系统环境影响评价。但各种湿地评价方法之间相互联系甚至重叠,特别是湿地功能评价与其他湿地评价类型间关系更加密切。今后我国湿地评价应主要侧重于湿地评价的基础理论研究、结构-过程-功能的研究、评价指标体系和评价定量化方法的研究和湿地评价新技术、新方法的研究。

Wetlands are ecosystems with many functions in the three different hierarchical levels of population, ecosystem and landscape. It is very necessary and important to assess or evaluate wetlands, which should be the basis for wetland protection and wetland management. Wetland assessment has been becoming a hot field of wetland science since the 1970s.With the deep development of the study on wetland, much progress has been made in the content and methods of wetland assessment. Based on different assessment aims, contents and valuation indexes, wetland assessment methods can be classified into 3 groups： wetland ecology function assessment; wetland ecology benefit/valuation assessment ;and wetland ecology environmental impact assessment. However, the relationship among them is veryclose ,even overlapped, especially among wetland ecology assessment and the others. In the future, we should place emphases on the following points： the basic theories of wetl and andwetland assessment ,the relations between wetland structure, function and process,indexes and quantitive methods,wetland and global changes.