胶原、明胶和水解胶原蛋白的性能差异

Differences in Properties of Collagen,Gelatin and Collagen Hydrolysate

由于胶原、明胶和水解胶原蛋白制备工艺的差异,造成它们在结构和性能上存在较大的差别。用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法确定3种样品的相对分子质量及其分布。结果表明:胶原的相对分子质量大约为30万,分布很窄;明胶的相对分子质量从几千到10万,分布很宽;水解胶原蛋白相对分子质量从几千到3万,分布也很宽。3种样品中只有胶原和明胶能够成膜,但是胶原膜的抗张强度(58N/mm2)大于明胶膜(36N/mm2),并且只有胶原膜在扫描电子显微镜(SEM)下呈现出纤维结构。纤维成形实验表明只有胶原才具有成纤维能力。角质形成细胞培养实验证明了只有胶原有利于细胞的吸附和生长,明胶和水解胶原蛋白与培养皿培养的参比样相似,都对细胞的吸附和生长无明显的促进作用。由此得出结论:只有胶原才有生物活性,具有比明胶和水解胶原蛋白更大的潜在生物医学用途。

There are many differences in structures and properties among collagen, gelatin and collagen hydrolysate because of different preparation processes. The molecular weight and distribution of samples were determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS- PAGE）. The results showed that the molecular weight of collagen is about 300,000 daltons and narrow distribution, which is greater than those of gelatin （from several thousands to 100,000 Daltons and wide distribution） and collagen hydrolysate （from several thousands to 30,000 Daltons and wide distribution）. Fibril formation experiments demonstrated that only collagen has the ability to form fibril. In addition, collagen membrane（58 N/mm^2） has higher extension strength than gelatin membrane（36 N/mm^2） and presented remarkable fibril shape as observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, and collagen hydrolysate could not form membrane.Furthermore, keratinocyte culture experiment proved that only collagen has significant effects on cell attachment and proliferation, and cells cultured on gelatin and collagen hydrolysate showed similar properties to those of cells cultured on dish. It can be concluded that collagen with its biological activity has greater potential to be used as biological material compared to gelatin or collagen hydrolysate.