无线传感器网络的覆盖优化机制研究

Research on Coverage Optimization Mechanism in Wireless Sensor Networks

如何实现最优覆盖是无线传感器组网的一个基本问题。文章分析了传感器覆盖问题的背景,给出了节点调度方案的主要方法和技术原理,探讨了基于网络能量高效的覆盖优化与网络连通性之间的关系,重点阐述了实现区域覆盖和点覆盖的机制。对于覆盖薄弱地区,文章提出了采用分簇方式将覆盖地区划分成许多子区域或簇,用动态移动修复机制提供细粒度的网络监测与覆盖控制。文章认为调度传感器节点在休眠和活动模式之间进行切换,是一种重要节能方法;对于资源受限且拓扑动态变化的无线传感器网络,宜采用分布式和局部化的覆盖控制协议和算法。

Coverage optimization is a fundamental issue for the operation and management of Wireless Sensor Network （WSN）. In the paper, the background of sensor coverage is given, and the main methods and technology principles of node scheduling are described. After the mechanism of area coverage and point coverage are emphatically considered, the relationship of coverage optimization based on energy efficiency and network connectivity is discussed. Areas with bad coverage are proposed to be divided into multiple clusters, and a new repairing mechanism with mobile node is used to offer fine-granularity network monitoring and coverage control. It is an important method for energy saving to handover the sensor node between the dormant and active modes. The WSN with limited resources and dynamic topology had better adopt distributed and localized coverage control protocols and algorithms.