鼎湖山针阔叶混交林生态系统水文过程研究

The hydrological processes of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest ecosystem in Dinghushan

以鼎湖山针阔叶混交林(以下简称混交林)生态系统为研究对象,探讨了不同降水特征下森林生态系统水文过程,主要研究结果如下:(1)不同的降雨特征决定了不同的降雨过程和穿透雨过程,混交林生态系统穿透雨累积增加曲线与降水量的累积增加曲线变化是同步的;(2)2002年7月27日-28日特大暴雨最大降水量、最大穿透雨量分别为122.8 mm和104.9 mm, 且穿透雨最大值出现的时间滞后于降水强度最大值出现的时间1 h;(3)8月18日-20日特大暴雨,穿透雨量累积增加曲线与大气降水的累积增加曲线非常相似,且穿透雨最大值出现的时间略滞后与大气降水最大值出现的时间;(4)中雨时降水累积量达到最大值(59.6 mm)与穿透雨累积量达到最大值(43.6 mm)的时间一致;(5)树干流和地表径流量与大气降水量的累积变化曲线并不是完全同步的,在一定的降水量范围内,树干流量和地表径流量随着大气降水量的增加而增加;(6)无论是特大暴雨还是中雨发生时,即使在特大暴雨影响下,树干流(2.3～16.4 mm)和地表径流(1.6～8.8 mm)量都很小,系统具有很强的保水保墒能力;(7)混交林穿透雨强度变化过程基本取决于大气降水强度变化,树干流强度和地表径流强度数值很小且变化过程不明显.

Hydrological processes of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest ecosystem in Dinghushan were studied in this paper.By observation, we got the following results： （1） The precipitation and throughfall process were mainly related to the characteris ticsof precipitation, and the accumulative curves of throughfall changed synchronously with the precipitation accumulative curves; （2）The maximum precipitation and throughfall from July 27^th to 28^th, 2002 year were 122.8 mm and 104.9 ram, respectively, and the maximum throughfall lagged about 1 ^1hour behind maximum precipitation intensity; （3）The accumulative curves of precipitation and throughfall from August 18th to 20th ,2002year, are of the same changing tendency; （4） The precipitation and throughfall reached their maximum values, 59.6 mm and 43.6 mm, respectively, were almost at the same moment; （5） The accumulative curves of the stemflow and surface runoff fluctuated differently. The stemflow and surface runoff increased with the increasing of precipitation for a certain amount of precipitation; （6） The values of stemflow and surface runoff is very low, 2.3-16.4 mm and 1.6- 8.8 mm inspectively, indicating a powerful capacity of holding water for the mixed forest ecosystem.; （7） The troughfall intensity was dependent upon the precipitation intensity to a great extent, while the stemflow intensity and the runoff intensity values were very low and changed little during the storm.