不同肥料配合对温室迷你黄瓜硝酸盐含量及品质的影响

Response of quality and NO_3^--N contents in fruits of greenhouse mini cucumber to the different fertilizer combinations

试验研究了单施氮肥、氮磷、氮钾、氮磷钾、有机肥与氮磷钾、有机肥与减半氮磷钾、有机肥与生物有机肥、有机肥与酵素菌肥、有机肥与生物有机肥和酵素菌肥配施,对日光温室春茬迷你黄瓜不同采收期、追肥后不同间隔天数采收果实的硝酸盐含量变化、品质以及总产量的影响。结果表明:采收中期果实硝酸盐含量较高,采收初期和后期较低;一次追肥后果实硝酸盐含量先上升,在6~9d达最高值,之后下降;在每公顷最高施氮量600kg的条件下,不同施肥配合果实中的硝酸盐含量在53.1~145.9mg/kg之间,合理的氮肥用量并不会造成迷你黄瓜果实内硝酸盐含量的积累;迷你黄瓜品质以有机肥配合无机肥施用最好;降低有机无机配合处理中无机肥用量或完全施用有机肥不会生产出品质最优的产品,但产量以有机肥与酵素菌肥、生物有机肥配施和有机肥配施一定量的氮磷钾无机肥增产效果较好。

The fruit nitrate content variation, the quality and the total yield of mini cucumber in greenhouse, which is applied with different fertilizers and combination, was observed at different harvest date and different days after fertilization. The fertilization included nitrogen only, the combination of nitrogen and phosphorus, the combination of nitrogen and potassium, the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the combination of organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the combination of organic fertilizer and half dosage nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the combination of organic fertilizer and bio - organic fertilizer, the combination of organic fertilizer and the ferment bacteria fertilizer, and the combination of organic fertilizer, bio - organic fertilizer and the fermented microbe fertilizer. At the high nitrogen application of 600 kg/hm^2, the nitrate content in the fruit varied between 53.1 and 145.9 mg/kg in different combinations of fertilization, which suggest the rational dosage of nitrogen application does not accumulate the nitrate content of the fruit. The best quality of mini cucumber was achieved at the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizers. The higher yield was achieved at the combination of organic fertilizer and the ferment bacteria fertilizer and the combination of organic fertilizer, bio - organic fertilizer and some inorganic fertilizer.