滇中喀斯特山地半湿润常绿阔叶林的群落生态学研究

Community ecology study on Karst semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest at the central part of Yunnan

依据两个10000m2森林样地(蓑衣山和月湖)的调查,在两个样地内分别记录到植物95科142属的163种(蓑衣山)和70科110属的125种(月湖),其中,草本物种最多,乔木次之,藤本较少。两个样地的主要组成物种都为滇青冈、清香木、团花新木姜子、云南木樨榄。群落中大径级的物种和个体数相对较少,优势种主要通过较多数量的中小径级个体体现出来。按Raunkiaer生活型划分,该半湿润常绿阔叶林主要由高位芽植物(54.9%和48.8%)和地面芽植物(39.6%和41.6%)组成。按中国植被进行的生活型分类结果显示,乔木物种组成只有中、小乔木,它们在群落中仅占总物种数的1/4(25%和24%);草本植物中的多年生草本在样地总物种数中所占比例很高(42.7%和45.6%);且常绿中、小乔木与落叶中、小乔木的物种数差异不大,几乎各占一半。但如果按常绿与落叶的个体数量、或胸径总和、或重要值来判定,则落叶成分的最高比例为24·7%。鉴于此,该森林类型仍定义为混有落叶成分的半湿润常绿阔叶林。种—面积曲线结果表明,曲线在400m2点有最剧烈转折,应作为类似喀斯特山地植物群落调查的最小面积。

The composition of Karst SHEBF was very rich in terms of species,genera and families. 163 species of 142 genera of 95 families were identified within 10 000m^2 area at Suoyishan and 125 species of 110 genera of 95 families at Yuehu, among which herb species were the largest group, followed by tree species, liana was the smallest group. Judged by the important value（IV）calculated based on the individuals with DBH≥3 cm, major tree species were Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides, Pistacia weinmanni f olia, Neolitsea homilantha and Olea yunnanensis. There were less species and individuals with big DBH size. Species dominance was constituted by individuals with small and medium DBH size. Phanerophytes（54.9% at Suoyishan and 8.8% at Yuehu）and hemicryptophytes（39.6% at Suoyishan and 41.6% at Yuehu）were the major Raunkiaer life forms. According to the life form of monograph “Vegetation of China” , tree were medium and small size species, with a percentage of 25% in total;Perennials accounted for a higher percentage（42.7% at Suoyishan and 45.6% at Yuehu）. The number of evergreen tree species was almost equal to the number of deciduous species. But if we counted with individuals,DBH or Ⅳ, the highest percentage of deciduous components was only 24.7% and then we defined the community as semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest with deciduous components. The species-area curve showed a very sharp transition point at 400 mz. With these results, we proposed this size as the smallest survey area of Karst SHEI3F.