20世纪发展中国家对外贸易及发展战略演进

Foreign Trade and Strategic Track of Developing Countries in 20th Century

发展经济学在不同阶段的发展思路和指导方针,决定了上个世纪发展中国家对外贸易发展战略的演进历程。从强调以进口替代为主的内向型发展战略到实行以出口替代为主的外向型发展战略,再到进一步关注区域贸易制度的创新,实行区域一体化的对外贸易发展战略。从总体上看,这一演进历程促进了发展中国家的对外贸易政策与优化本国产业结构、加快资本积累以及技术进步等目标的有效结合,从而为发展中国家自身经济目标的实现创造了有利条件。

The developing ideas and policy guidelines of developing economics in the different stages concluded foreign trade and strategic track of developing countries in 20th century. As a whole, the development track, from closing strategy oriented in import substitution to opening strategy oriented in export substitution, and then to integrative strategy emphasized by innovation of regional trade institution, promoted the effective union between the foreign trade policy and the economic goals such as optimizing industrial structure, speeding capital accumulation and technologic progress, and created advantages for the developing countries to realize their economic goals.