西藏山南农牧区贫困的根源及脱贫出路

The Roots and Way Out of Poverty in Farming and Pastoral Areas in the South of Mountains in Tibet

西藏山南地区贫困的表现层有生活与生产水平低、生态环境恶化、人水与人土矛盾加剧、人口素质低等方面,而支撑层是高寒的自然环境、市场经济的缺失、地广人稀的分散效应、区位优势无法转化成区位经济优势和落后的当地知识体系。目前的旅游业、以工代赈、乡村工业化与城镇化、外出务工在消除贫困中缺乏有机联系。本地区脱贫的迫切任务是通过以工代赈完善基础设施,建设一个快速高效的交通网络来克服分散效应,通过中心城镇和旅游景区的“增长极”作用来营造市场;长期战略是培养当地知识体系和建设当地生态环境,打造“高原生态”品牌的农牧产品,以期在全国竞争激烈的市场上占有一席之地。

In the south of mountains in Tibet, the poverty is showed as lower standards of living and production, worse environment of ecology, intensive contradiction among resources of people, land and water, and lower level of education. Moreover, the natural environment of plateau, chilly, and dry, the less developed market economy, and the scattered population block its shift from the regional advantages to the regional advantages of economy.In this area, the critical task of anti-poverty is, though work for relief, to improve the infrastructure, to build up an effective transportation network connecting with the scattered inhabitancy, to develop the markets at central cities, towns, and tourist sites, to improve the education, to preserve the environment of ecology, to produce the products of “plateau ecology”, and to take a place in the competition of market in the nation