凤眼莲及其资源化利用研究进展

Research Advances of Eichhornia crassipes and It's Utilization

凤眼莲对氮、磷、钾、钙等多种无机元素有较强的富集作用,其中对大量元素钾的富集作用尤为突出。在现有凤眼莲资源化利用方式中,较为简易而普遍的是用其堆制有机肥及生产沼气,也可直接利用其干粉或将燃烧后的灰分作为肥料或土壤改良剂使用。由于凤眼莲含有较高的粗蛋白、粗纤维及粗脂肪,可用作饲料。利用其较强的离子交换能力,收获后的凤眼莲可以加工成重金属或染料的吸附剂,用于重金属污染水体或染料废水的治理。在凤眼莲单一利用方式的经济效益有限、彻底有效的利用存在困难的情况下,加快开发可行的综合利用方式迫在眉睫。开发以钾产品为龙头的无机化工产品和商品化的重金属吸附剂或离子交换树脂可能是凤眼莲综合利用的2个方向。

Abstract Eichhornia crassipes （water hyacinth） has high accumulative effect of many inorganic elements, including N, P, K, Ca, et al, in which the accumulation of K is most significant. In the utilization of Eichhornia crassipes, simple and popular styles include composting Eichhornia crassipes with other organic substance, to produce biogas or organic fertilizer, or applying its dry powder directly as organic fertilizer or soil amendment, or using its ash as fertilizer after incineration of dry plant. High content of coarse protein, fiber and fat in Eichhornia crassipes permit its utilization as silage. Due to its high ion exchange capacity, Eichhornia crassipes can be used to make absorbent to absorb heavy metals or dye in waste water after harvest. Since the economical effect of simple utilization is limited, the development of comprehensive or new utilization is urgent. Doveloping inorganic chemical products such as K salt products, and commercial absorbent for heavy metal or ion exchange resin may have two directions in its utilization.