从《廿二史考异》看钱大昕的校勘方法

Qian Daxin's Methods of Bibliographical Editing as Seen from Nian er shi Kao Yi

钱大昕是清代著名学者,在历史文献学方面有突出成就,他在吸收和借鉴前人考证的治学成果和严谨考订的实学精神的基础上,形成了一套独具特色的治史理论和方法。本文通过对钱氏《廿二史考异》中对《史记》的考订实例,来具体分析钱大昕在考据学特别是在校勘方法和理论方面的卓著贡献,并且指出作为方法论对于史学研究和学术批评所具有的普遍指导意义。

Qian Daxin was a famous scholar of the Qing dynasty, who acquired outstanding achievement in historical philology. On the base of realistic approach and drawing lessons from the precursors＇ achievements, he formed a set of special theories and methods of historiographies. This article, using some examples about Historical Records in Nian er shi Kao Yi, relates Qian Daxin＇ s remarkable contribution to the theory and method of the bibliographical editing. The author also points out Qian＇ s theories and methods on bibliographical editing are guidance to the research of history and the academic criticism.