关于朱子“明天理,灭人欲”伦理思想的思考

Thoughts on Master Zhu’s Ethical Ideology of “Understanding Heavenly Reason, Extinguishing Earthly Desire”

朱子伦理思想的纲领可用“明天理,灭人欲”一句话概括。这是他的突出贡献。这个贡献至少是在四个层面上展开的:朱子从他的理一元论的宇宙观出发,确立了他的天理至上的道德观;发挥二程的“理一分殊”说,完整地解释了社会伦理现实;对人性的具体解释为“只缘气质之禀各有清浊”,因而人性“有善有不善”;提出了变化气质,复明天理的修养论,殷殷教人在修养上用心用力。

The creed of Master Zhu＇ s Ethical Ideology, which has been his prominent contribution, can be summarized into one phrase：understanding heavenly reason and extinguishing earthly desire. It is operated on at least four levels：first, Master Zhu has established the moral value of paramountcy of tienLi （heavenly reason） based on his Li-monism; second, by making use of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi＇ s theory of “ li yi fen shu ”, he has given an integrated interpretation of social ethical reality;third, he has attributed the theory of human nature＇ s having virtue and having no virtue to the mixture of clearness and muddiness of human temperament as an explanation for humanity;last, he has broughtforth the theory of hsin yang characterized by the view of changing the temperament and relearningtienli , ardently edifying people to work hard to achieve serf-cultivation and serf-possession.