进不欣,退不戚——从《云庄休居自适小乐府》看张养浩

No Joy on Promotion, Nor Mourning on Retiremen——Evaluation of Zhang Yanghao on His Yunzhuang Lyric Verses on Carefree Life

张养浩的散曲,看似与同时代的其他作者的作品没有什么区别,多为抒发隐居后的闲适,仔细琢磨就会发现其作品中蕴涵有丰富的宗教、社会、文化的内涵。散曲表面上所看到的是对个体生命的实存性焦虑,但在遁世、避世、修身之外,几乎可于时时处处看到他对现实政治的制度性焦虑,而天性耿直的他,心底无私,面对进与退,他都能坦然处之,进不欣,退不戚。从张养浩的散曲中可以品味到他崇高的人格美。

It seems that there is no difference between Zhang Yanghao＇ s lyric verses and those of other writers-most of these works express the leisure and comfortable life they lived in seclusion. Studying carefully, one can find the plentiful meanings of his lyric verse in religion, society, and culture. On the surface of his verse, one may feel his anxiety about the survival of individual life. However, his anxiety about the political system at that time can also be detected everywhere under the description of life inseclusion, living as a hermit, and cultivating his character. Because of his upright nature and selflessness, no matter what he faced, he always took it calmly. Never feel joyful as an official, and never feel mournful when he lived in seclusion. The beauty of his noble character can be appreciated in Zhang＇ s lyric verses.