近40年哈尔滨的气温变化与城市化影响

Temperature Change and Urbanization Impact in Harbin for Last 40 Years

利用近40年地面观测资料,统计分析了哈尔滨地区各县市的年平均气温及最高、最低气温的变化规律及差异。结果表明,在全国增暖的背景下,哈尔滨各县市的年平均气温普遍呈增暖趋势,但同一区域里各县市气温的增温幅度明显不同,位于城郊的县市,其增温幅度明显小于近城区的县市,而且增暖主要是在20世纪80年代以后;不同季节的气温变化趋势也存在明显差异,冬季气温呈明显增暖趋势,但夏季增暖不显著;80年代以后,冬季寒冷日数明显减少,夏季“热带夜”和高温日数呈增多趋势。

Base on the surface observations of forty years（1960-2000）, the variational characteristics of annual average temperature, maximum and minimum temperature in Harbin are analyzed. The results show that the whole area of Harbin has become notably warmer, but their warm extent is different, the observation stations close to city are evidently warmer than the suburbs, especially after the 1980＇ s. There is also an evident difference in four seasons, the warm trend is evident in winter than that in summer. After 1980＇s, the cold duration evidently decreases, but the duration of “warm night” and hot evidently increases.