滩浅海地区地震勘探存在问题及其解决方法

Problems of seismic survey in neritic area and resolved methods.

滩浅海地区地表条件复杂,陆地和海上施工方法不同,采集的资料存在着较大的差异,影响了最终成果。针对由于观测系统不同、激发和接收因素不同、海上检波器漂移等对采集资料造成的影响,探讨了改善资料品质的方法技术:①陆地采用延迟叠加震源,使陆海震源的激发信号相接近;②采用陆地压电检波器,使陆地检波器的性能与海上检波器相同;③采用匹配滤波法消除海陆资料之间存在的差异;④采用二次定位方法提高定位精度;⑤选择合适的气枪沉放深度和气枪组合方式消除气泡效应等。这些方法技术的应用,消除了陆地和海上地震资料的差异,提高了滩浅海地震资料的品质。

For the complicated surface environment of neritic zone, seismic survey in this area exists its unique problems because of two entirely different operation methods. For example, problem of changing geometry in amphibian areas, data difference based on the different geophone and source, position shifting of geophone in the water, ghost of sea bottom, and so on. They impact the quality of seismic data, and reduce S/N ratio and resolution of the data. In order to resolving these problems, a set of pertinence technique and method is presented on lag-stacking vertical source, land piezoelectricity geophone, first break positioning of receivers and weakening ghost wave. By the application of practice seismic survey, the result shows that effect of the technique and methods is very distinct to remove the difference of seismic data, improve precision and signal/noise ratio of seismic data in paralic zone.