CNG加气站设备失效与爆炸燃烧风险评价

The Hazard Evaluation for the Failure of Equipments and Explosion and Burn Events in the CNG Filling Station

CNG加气站是高压易燃气体加工销售场所,站内设备及管线存在着失效和爆炸的风险。针对加气站各类设备的不同工艺特点,分别对压缩机使用预测风险分析法,对加气机用失效模式和效应分析进行了风险评价。同时,根据加气站爆炸燃烧事故的风险评估需要,应用故障树分析模型,对可能引发爆炸燃烧顶事件的基本事件的重要度进行了定性分析。分析结果表明:燃气泄漏报警装置、通风装置和超压超温报警装置的工作可靠性,是削减加气站爆炸燃烧事故风险的关键控制点。

High pressure and flammable gas is processed and sold in a CNG filling station. Therefore there exists the risk of explosion due to the failure of equipments and pipeline in the station. So,according to the different characteristics of the system, the authors use the hazard evaluation approach for the compressor by principium hazard analysis （PHA） and the dispenser by Failure Mode and Effects Analysis （FMEA）. As the need of the hazard evaluation for explosion and burn in the station, this paper presents a qualitative analysis for the weightiness of the basic events which may spring the topside event that is exploding and burning by the model of Fault Tree for a CNG filling station. The results indicate that the running reliability of the leaked flammable gas alarm, the aerator and the pressure and temperature alarms is the key point to reduce the risk of explosion and burn in a CNG filling station.