头孢菌素皮试和变态反应发生率的调查

An Investigation of the Skin Test and Allergic Reaction Rate of Cephalosporins

目的:了解头孢菌素的皮试及变态反应情况,为是否需做皮试提供客观资料。方法:采用分层系统抽样方法,对住院期间使用头孢菌素的1084例病人进行皮试和变态反应情况的调查。结果:用青霉素皮试的有203例,用头孢菌素原液皮试的有9例,未做皮试872例。皮试人数占19.56%。196例青霉素皮试阴性者使用头孢菌素有5例发生变态反应,872例未做皮试者发生7例,两者之间变态反应发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);有和无青霉素过敏史之间变态反应发生率的差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。头孢菌素变态反应发生率1.11%。结论:头孢菌素用药前皮试可不列为常规,用青霉素皮试代替头孢菌素试敏不敏感,必须做皮试时应采用头孢菌素原液。

Objective ： To study the skin test and allergic reaction of cephalosporins so as to provide objective evidence for the needs of skin tests in its clinical use. Method： A retrospective study of 1084 inpatients receiving cephalosporins were carried out with the staged system sampling method. Result： Among the 1084 patients, 203 cases received penicillin tests, 9 cases received cephalosporins tests and 872 cases did not receive skin tests. The skin test rate was 19.56%. The allergic reaction occurred on 5 cases of the 196 whose penicillin tests were negative, on 7 of the 872 cases which did not received skin tests. There was no statistical difference between the penicillin test negative and undone test patients, nor was there in patients with or without penicillin allergic background. The occurrence rate of cephalosporins allergic reaction was 1.11%. Conclusion： Cephalosporins skin tests shouldn＇t be considered as a routine. When penicillin is used for the test of its sensitivity instead of cephalosporins, cephalosporins must be used to do the skin test.