非人力资本积累追求:大学生就业难的新视角

Pursuit beyond Human Capital Accumulation:A new angle of students'employment difficulty

从一定意义上说,现实中非人力资本积累目标的追求(如将上大学看做一种精神消费、获取社会声誉、积累社会资本、显示高能力信号、促进整个社会技术进步及文明程度提高等等)是推动高等教育扩张的重要因素,这一因素使高等教育需求与供给达成的均衡教育产出与劳动力市场的需求之间存在不平衡,并且引起高等教育需求层次的上移,这种不平衡和需求层次的上移与劳动力市场的分割现象一起,导致了大学生就业难。要缓解这一状况,必须从进一步打破劳动力市场的制度性分割、适当控制研究生教育规模的扩展,合理设置专业、进一步端正大学生就业观、加强大学生的职业生涯教育和辅导、积极鼓励大学生自主创业。

The pursuit beyond human capital accumulation as a purpose is to some extent one of the main causes of the higher education expansion in current China. It makes a non-equilibrium between the output from the high educational institute and the demand in the labor market, and has thus caused a higher demand for higher education. This situation leads to the difficulty of the university students＂ employment within the segmentation of the labor market. To ease the tension, we must systemically take further steps to break the segmentation, properly control the bloom of the postgraduate education and make discipline configuration more reasonable, rectify the students＂ employment orientations, enhance their vocational guidance and encourage them for self--employment.