从“功利”到“庸俗”——关于“大跃进”期间科技价值取向转变的考察

From Utilitarianism to Vulgarism——Examining the Change of Value of Science in the Great Leap Forward(GLF) of P. R. China

“功利偏向”是建国初期科技主导思想的鲜明特征之一。“大跃进”期间,这种“功利”取向转变到“庸俗”的境地。这一转向是通过对“为科学而科学”思想的严厉批判、对“理论联系实际”的狂热推崇,以及对“科学为生产大跃进服务”的大力动员等步骤而实现的。它严重影响了国家科技事业的正常发展。

Utilitarianism is one of the most significant characters of the ideology of science policy in P. R. China. This paper raises a point of view that, during the period of GLF(1958-1960), there is an ideological change from the value of utilitarianism to that of vulgarism. That change come into being through several steps-first is a crucial criticism of 'Wei Kexue er Kexue'(Science for science's sake), following are praising and enforcing 'Lilun Lianxi Shiji'(Theory contacts with practice), and then mobilizing 'Kexue Wei Dayuejin Fuwu'(Science serves the GLF). This vulgarized tropism affects the well-balanced development of science and technology of China.