紧急权力的自由模式之演进

Development of the Liberal Mode of Urgent Right

作为一种解决“法律与需要”之间的紧张关系的理论框架,紧急权力的自由模式有着悠久的历史。自由模式通过区分时间结构、空间结构和行为性质,假设紧急状态能够从正常状态中分离出来。该模式包括自由裁量性,不受法律约束性,事后公开说理性以及立法机关的审查和批准等要素。在危机的全球化、法律现实主义运动的盛行和紧急权力法制化的兴起等因素的影响下,自由模式在20世纪初期开始衰微。然而, 法律主义的悲惨前景,行政机关紧急权力不断扩张和公民权利连续减损等事实,促使人们反思自由模式的价值,并提出超越自由模式。超越自由模式与法律主义相补充,可以作为我国应对极端危机的一种方式,也可以有效提升我国公民的社会公德,克服政府官员和公民的冷漠、怠责与怯懦。

As a theory framework to resolve the tension“ between law and necessity”, the liberal pattern of emergency power has a long history. This pattern preserves that emergency state can be separated from normal state through distinguishing time structure, space structure and action nature, Its basic elements are discretionary ,extra - legal , disclosed to the public , ex post ratification, etc. Liberal pattem was decline at the beginning of 20 century with the factors of the rise of legal realism and emergency power legalization etc. However, as the facts of the dismal prospect of legalism and the continual derogating of civil fights , people rethink the value of liberal pattem and advance beyond liberal pattem. Beyond Liberal pattem will be a supplement way to deal with dire crises in China, it also can improve public morality.