法兰西民族的激进主义传统

The Rationalism Tradition of France

激进主义是法兰西政治文化的重要表现,它贯穿于法国的政治和社会运动,并渗透到社会生活、政治体制和人们的心态之中。1789以来的历次革命构成了法国的革命传统。不懈地推崇平等理念也是激进主义的表现。激进主义传统还体现在政治生活动荡方面,与英国人和美国人不同,法国人似乎永远不满足于现状。在笛卡尔和萨特的故乡,“替天行道”的知识分子在促成激进主义传统方面发挥了重要作用。激进主义传统是由法国社会经济发展和阶级斗争的特殊状况所决定的:旧势力异常顽固而资产阶级相对弱小;人民群众的民主革命力量十分强大;小产业主观念根深蒂固等。尽管如今法国和欧洲的社会政治环境发生了巨大变化,激进主义仍不失为法国和法国人的重要思想特征。

The Radicalism is an important characteristic of French political culture that exists widely in French politics, social movements and social lives, as well as in political regimes and people's mentalities. Ever since the Revolution of 1789, France has formed the revolutionary tradition; and the Radicalism tradition is embodied in its cult of the ideas of equality and its eventful political lives. Different from American and British, it seems that French will never be satisfied with existing reality. In the motherland of Descartes and Sartre, French intellectuals are struggling for a fair society and have played an important role in forming Radicalism tradition. This paper deems that, the tradition stems from social and economic development of the coun-try and its special condition of class struggle. Although dramatic changes have been taken place in social and political environment today in both France and Europe, the Rationalism continues to be a key characteristic of France and its people.