吐鲁番盆地青铜至铁器时代居民遗传结构研究

A Study of the Genetic Structure of the Inhabitants in the Turpan Depression from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age

吐鲁番盆地位于新疆维吾尔自治区天山山脉的东部。面积5万多平方公里。以最低点艾丁湖湖面为中心。内外形成三个环状地带，内低外高，外为大山环绕。盆地有成片的块状绿洲，水量丰足，易于农业耕作。很早就有人类在这里生息繁衍。近年来，以研究吐鲁番盆地历史为主要内容的吐鲁番学的兴起，备受学术界的关注。吐鲁番历史在整个新疆和丝绸之路的历史研究中占举足轻重的地位。

A batch of paleo-DNA specimens was extracted from the Bronze to Iron ages inhabitants＇ bones unearthed from the Turpan Depression. Then amplification and sequencing were made on the mitochondrial genome control region （363bp） by means of overlapping primers, The results indicate that the 20 individuals belong to 19 DNA sequences and that two individuals from different tomb-pits are identical in sequence, which evidences a close matrilineal genetic relationship between them. Analyses of phylogeneties brought about the follow notions： The nueleotide diversity, genetic distance and mean of pairwise difference of the ancient Turpan Depression inhabitants are all between the Europian and East Asian populations. On the phylogenetie tree, the ancient inhabitants of Turpan Depression were between the Europian and Asian populations, and the population closest to them is the present-day Uigur in Xinjiang. These suggest that Euro-Asian lineage admixture took place in this region as early as the Bronze and Iron ages。