住院精神病患者自杀死亡特点分析与护理对策

Analysis of death features of suicide of patients with psychosis and the nursing countermeasures

回顾性分析1975年12月-2004年12月住院27例精神病患者自杀死亡的特点。结果显示:自杀多发生于夜间(19例),在厕所居多(16例),以自缢为首要方式(23例),青壮年精神分裂症占多数(21例)。通常采用被服、毛巾等撕成布条自缢,多发生于疾病的急性期与缓解期。认为在护理工作中要加强责任心,细心观察与评估自杀先兆,禁止患者单独外出,高度关注命令性幻听和自罪妄想两个高危症状,减少或杜绝突然的外界刺激,加强心理治疗和护理,在一定程度上预防自杀。

The authors analyzed retrospectively 21 suicide cases ot psychosis ti＇om December 1975 to December 2004 in there hospital. Results showed that most suicide happened at night （19 cases）, in restroom （16 cases） with the major form of hanging themselves.Most of patients （21 cases） were in their prime. With quilt and towel torn into strips, most suicide happened in acute period and releasing period of the disease. During nursing, countermeasures included enhancing strong sense of responsibility, observing carefully and evaluating signs of suicide, forbidding the patients to go out lonely, paying high attention to high-risk symptoms of command auditory hallucination and delusion of sin, eliminating or stopping the outside stimulus and improving mental treatment and nursing,which can prevent suicide to some degree.