硬壳蛤的核型研究

The karyotype of hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus,1758)

基于硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria(Linnaeus,1758))是一种生长速度快、经济效益高的埋栖型双壳类,为给生产提供更多的遗传学理论依据,以硬壳蛤胚胎(4～8细胞期)为材料,通过压片法和空气干燥法进行染色体制片和核型分析.结果表明:硬壳蛤二倍体染色体数目为2n=38,其中中部着丝粒染色体(m)有14对,亚中部着丝粒染色体(sm)有4对,亚端部着丝粒染色体(st)有1对,无端部着丝粒染色体(t).核型公式为28m+8sm+2st,染色体臂数=74,未发现性染色体和随体.

The karyotype of Mercenaria mercenaria was studied using embryonic cells（4-8 cell period）. The chromosomes were prepared by squashing and air-dry method, The diploid chromosome number of Mercenaria mercenaria is 2n=38. The karytype of Mercenaria mercenaria can be described by 28m＋8sm＋2st with NF=74. The sex chromosomes and the satellites were not found.